Treatment of animals

Great Britain is one of the biggest reported users of animals in Europe. In 2020, 2.88 million procedures were carried out in Great Britain involving living animals. This was 15% lower than 2019, where 3.4 million animal experiments were reported (the lowest number since 2004). Sources: [1], [2], [3], [4]
In the UK, mice, fish, rats and birds make up the large majority of animals used for experiments, but cats, dogs, horses and primates are also used. Source
In 2021, China ended its mandatory animal testing requirements for imported cosmetic products that fall into the ‘general’ category Source
In a 2020 global survey by FRAME, 93% of respondents said they thought more needs to be done to replace and reduce the use of animals in testing and research. 52% said they thought stopping the use of animals in all types of research and testing could happen immediately and 61% of respondents felt there is no acceptable reason for testing products on animals or using animals in scientific research. Source
In the same global survey, 84% said they wouldn’t buy cosmetics if they knew it (or one of its ingredients) had been tested on animals. 77% also cited ‘not tested on animals’ as a factor in their decision to buy a cosmetic or household product. Source

Around 1.4 million sheep and goats are killed without being stunned each year in the UK using halal practices. Many people in the UK oppose this form of slaughter, yet purchase halal meat unknowingly, since it is sold in most major outlets, including supermarkets and takeaways, without always being labelled as halal. Sources: [1], [2]
Every year around 4 million newborn lambs die within a few days of birth, mainly because of malnutrition, disease or exposure to cold weather. Source
Male lambs are castrated using elastration, a technique that involves a thick rubber band being placed around the base of the infant’s scrotum, obstructing the blood supply and causing atrophy. This method causes severe pain to the lambs that are provided with no pain relief during the process. Lambs also have their tails docked using the same method. Source [p.2]

Every year in the UK, 10 million pigs are slaughtered for human consumption. Source
Pigs have an average lifespan of 15 - 20 years, but reach slaughter age at 6 months old. Source
Less than 3% of UK pigs spend their entire lives outdoors. Source
Most big slaughterhouses in Britain and Europe kill pigs in gas chambers. Source
Around half of all antibiotics sold in the UK are used on farmed animals, with 60% of these being used on pigs. Sources: [1], [2]
Most pigs are entitled to less than one square metre of space each and the majority of sows (female breeding pigs) are kept in farrowing crates. Farrowing crates were made illegal in several countries across Europe, but are still standard farming practice here in the UK. Source [p.4]

Half of all plastic in the sea comes from fishing. Source
Since the 1890s, when fossil fuel powered bottom trawling began, there has been a staggering decline in overall fish populations. Source
Three-quarters of the world's fisheries are either exploited or depleted. Source
We kill between 1 and 2.8 trillion fish every year. This is 143–400 times the amount of the entire human population. Source
308,000 cetaceans are unintentionally drowned each year after becoming entangled in fishing equipment. Source
Farmed salmon has 10x the amount of cancer-causing organic pollutants than wild salmon. Source
For every pound of fish caught, up to five pounds of unintended marine species are caught and discarded as by-kill. Source
Sharks kill 12 people per year. People kill 11,414 sharks per hour. Source

Globally, more than 66 billion chickens are reared annually as a source of food, for both their meat and eggs. Source
Every year in the UK we slaughter around 950 million birds for food consumption, including chickens, ducks and turkeys. Source
Over 90% of chicken production in the UK is in intensive windowless sheds which house 20,000–50,000 chickens each. Sources: [1, p.10], [2]
51% of eggs produced come from chickens in battery cages. Source
40 million day-old male chicks are killed in the UK by either being gassed or being thrown into a macerator – this practice occurs in all egg farming systems, including organic and free-range. Source
Beak trimming is the permanent removal of part of the beak of a bird at a young age. This is standard industry practice in the UK despite being illegal in many European countries due to the pain it inflicts. Source
A free-range egg farmer can legally house 16,000 birds in one building, meaning that they can house 9 birds per square metre of space. This means that free-range hens live out their entire lives in an overcrowded indoor farming unit. Source
Around 95% of duck production and 90% of turkey production comes from intensive indoor farming. Source

Cows bred for their milk produce up to 10 times more milk than they naturally would. Source
Male calves are of no use to the milk industry and are less suitable for industrialised meat production. This means that every year around 95,000 male calves are shot soon after birth and discarded as a by-product. Source
Domesticated cows have an average lifespan of 20 years, but on milk farms they are killed after 5–6 years on average. Source
30% of cows bred for milk in the UK have mastitis, a bacterial infection of the udder. Source
Every year in the UK, 2.6 million cows are slaughtered for human consumption. Source
Cows can naturally live for around 20 years, but are sent for slaughter at around 10 – 12 months old. Source

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